• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device for producing a methane gas (G) comprising a chamber (1), means for conveying the product into the chamber, which comprise a screw (10) mounted for rotating in the chamber along an axis. rotational geometry, heating means by Joule effect of the screw, an elimination unit (12) of impurities present in the gas resulting from the thermal treatment of the product, said unit being connected to an upper outlet of the chamber, and a purification system (21) for the gas leaving the disposal unit.
    公开号:FR3037062A1
    申请号:FR1558609
    申请日:2015-09-15
    公开日:2016-12-09
    发明作者:Olivier Lepez；Philippe Sajet
    申请人:LEPEZ CONSEILS FINANCE INNOVATIONS-LCFI；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a device for producing a methane gas, that is to say a gas having the main component of methane. The invention also relates to the use of such a device for the recovery of a product of the CSR (solid recovery compounds) or polymeric material type. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Although prized for its energy and environmental properties, natural gas has the disadvantage of being a non-renewable commodity. But world reserves are running out quickly. Since natural gas is composed on average of 95% of methane, it has been envisaged to take advantage of the natural phenomenon of methanisation of organic waste producing a large quantity of methane to create industrial gas, generally called biogas, in order to offer an alternative to natural gas. This also makes it possible to recover biomass waste. Usually, gasification steps are used to force the methanation of biomasses and to extract methane. Such steps, however, do not allow to recover gas heavily loaded methane. The output gases thus typically comprise between 2 and 6% of methane, which is very far from the 95% rate of natural gas. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a device for generating a methane gas and the use of this device for the recovery of product type material CSR or polymeric material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With a view to achieving this object, there is provided a device for producing a methane gas by heat treatment of a product in the form of divided solids, the device comprising: an enclosure comprising a product feed inlet, a low output of recoveries of the residues of the treated product and a high output of extraction of the gas resulting from the treatment of the product, means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the low output of the enclosure which comprise a screw mounted to rotate in the enclosure along a geometrical axis of rotation and which comprise means for driving the screw in rotation, - Joule heating means for the screw, a unit for removing impurities present in the gas resulting from the heat treatment of the product, said unit being connected to the upper outlet of the enclosure, and a system for purifying the gas at the outlet of the unit the purification system being connected to the disposal unit. In this way the product is introduced to the inlet of the enclosure in the form of divided solids and the screw continuously pushes the divided solids to the bottom outlet of the enclosure. Due to the advantageous heating mode of the Joule screw, the divided solids heat up very rapidly and transform without sticking to the turn of the screw, thus generating a gas already having a high methane content (greater than 50% when the product is of the CSR type (solid recovery compounds) or polymeric material such as plastic). The subsequent association of two consecutive sets of gas treatment firstly makes it possible to rid the gas of impurities of the dust, solid particles, tars, oils and then, in a second stage, to purify the gas by separating the methane. other gaseous components. Thus, at the outlet of the invention, a gas rich in methane is obtained. Experiments carried out by the applicant have thus made it possible to obtain methane levels of substantially 92%. The invention thus makes it possible to obtain a gas having a concentration of methane close to that of a natural gas. The gas obtained by the invention is therefore a very good alternative to natural gas.
    [0002] In addition, the gas output of the invention is directly injectable in containers (bottles, tanks or in a gas distribution network.) In addition, the invention can be supplied with any kind of product such as biomasses. However, it is particularly advantageous with products of the CSR (solid recovery compounds) or polymeric material type such as plastic, which is particularly advantageous in an increasingly important context of waste recovery, in particular non-waste materials. Fermentable materials for which the upgrading solutions are less developed.It is thus distinguished in the present invention, the unit for removing impurities which are undesirable and generally polluting the purification system that does not clean the gas but to enrich it with methane by separating it from other gases For the purposes of the invention, "methane gas" means a gas having as its It is understood that said gas may comprise in lower proportions other components such as dinitrogen. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the device comprises an inlet chimney which is connected to the inlet of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means to the inlet of the enclosure 3037062 4 so as to limit the air entering the enclosure. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the device comprises an outlet chimney which is connected to the low output of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means to the low output of the enclosure so as to limit the air entering the enclosure. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the impurity removal unit comprises means for cracking the gas. According to one particular aspect of the invention, the unit for eliminating impurities comprises means for condensing pollutant condensates of the gas. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the impurity removal unit comprises means for filtering dust and solid particles present in the gas. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the filtering means are connected to the outlet of the cracking means or to the outlet of the condensation means. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the filtering means comprise a high temperature cyclone or a high temperature ceramic filter. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the purification system comprises at least two distinct purification stages. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the purification system comprises three purification stages.
    [0003] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the purification system comprises means for condensing the condensable phases of the gas at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure taken at sea level.
    [0004] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the condensing means are shaped so as to separate the gas and the condensable phases at a pressure of between 0.04 and 0.3 bar. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the purification system comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus is connected to the outlet of the condensation means.
    [0005] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the purification system comprises a filtration machine. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the filtration machine is a machine by membrane separation. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the filtration machine is connected to the output of the absorption device by reverse thrust. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the above-mentioned device for the recovery of a product of the CSR or polymeric material type. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be better understood in the light of the description which follows with reference to the single figure schematizing the device according to a particular non-limiting embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION With reference to the single figure, the device according to a particular embodiment of the invention makes it possible to produce a methane gas by thermal treatment, here by pyrolysis, of a product in the form of divided solids. The product is for example formed of polymeric material. The product is typically plastic mainly comprising polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate. In particular, the divided solids are in the form of granules in three-dimensional granules or pellets. The maximum dimensions of said divided solids are preferably between 2 and 30 millimeters. The device according to the invention comprises an enclosure 1, of generally horizontal general direction, which is kept away from the ground by legs (not shown here). The enclosure 1 comprises an outer envelope, here unitary, which is for example metallic, in particular made of nonmagnetic stainless steel. According to a particular embodiment, the chamber 1 further comprises here a unitary inner envelope of refractory material. A technical box 3 is fixed at each end of the enclosure 1. The enclosure 1 here comprises a product supply inlet 4 of the enclosure 1, inlet 4 which is arranged in the enclosure cover 1 substantially at a first end of the enclosure 1. Of course, the bottom and the lid of the enclosure 1 are defined relative to the ground on which the enclosure 1 rests. According to a particular embodiment, the 25 device has an inlet chimney 5 which is connected to the inlet 4 of the enclosure. Preferably, the inlet chimney 5 comprises sealed connection means 2 at the inlet 4 of the enclosure 1 so as to limit the air entering the enclosure 1, air which would reduce the methane content of the gas at the speaker output which is not desired. These sealed connection means 2 also make it possible to control the flow rate of the product poured into the chamber 1. Said sealed connection means 2 comprise, for example, a hermetic lock arranged between the inlet chimney 5 and the inlet 4 of the inlet the enclosure 1 and controlled by valves. The inlet chimney 5 is for example connected to a feed hopper or to a crushing, compacting or granulating unit of the divided solids product or to a pre-conditioning unit of the divided solids, a unit pre-conditioning apparatus for heating and / or drying the divided solids to prescribed values of temperature and relative humidity, said divided solids. The chamber 1 comprises or densifies in addition to a low output 6 arranged here in the bottom of the enclosure 1 substantially at the second of the two ends of the enclosure 15 1. According to a particular embodiment, the device comprises an outlet chimney 7 which is connected to the lower outlet 6 of the enclosure 1. Preferably, the outlet chimney 7 comprises sealed connection means 8 at the low outlet 6 of the enclosure 1 so as to limit the air entering the enclosure 1, air that would reduce the methane content of the gas output of enclosure 1 which is not desired. These sealed connection means 8 also make it possible to control the evacuation rate of the residues of the heat-treated product in the enclosure 1. Said sealed connection means 8 comprise, for example, a hermetic lock arranged between the outlet chimney and the low outlet. and controlled by valves. The outlet chimney 7 is for example connected to a cooling unit 9 of the residues either for the purpose of destroying the residues or for the purpose of recovering said residues which may for example be used as fuels, possibly by means of one or more additional processing steps.
    [0006] Furthermore, the device comprises means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the bottom outlet of the enclosure. Said means thus comprise a screw 10 which extends here in the enclosure 1 according to a geometric axis X between the two technical boxes 3 and which is mounted to rotate about said geometric axis X in the enclosure 1. The screw 10 is for example refractory stainless steel. The screw 10 is thus resistant to high temperatures typically between 700 and 1200 degrees. The screw 10 here has a helical coil shape which is fixed, for example by welding, at its two ends at the end of a shaft section. Each of said shaft sections is connected at its other end, by means of a flange, to a coaxial shaft which passes through the associated end technical box. The conveying means furthermore comprise means for rotating the screw 10 about the geometric axis X, which are here arranged in one of the 20 technical boxes 3. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the means rotary drive comprises an electric motor 14 and mechanical connection means between the output shaft of the motor and an end of the associated coaxial shaft, the coaxial shaft 25 itself driving the screw 10. The means In this case, rotational drives comprise means for controlling the rotational speed of the output shaft of the motor, which comprise, for example, a speed variator. The control means thus make it possible to adapt the speed of rotation of the screw 10 to the conveyed product, that is to say to adapt the residence time of the product in the enclosure 1. The device further comprises means by heating effect by the Joule effect of the screw 10 which are here arranged in the technical boxes 3. According to a particular embodiment, the heating means comprise means for generating an electric current and connection means for the two. ends of the screw at the two polarities of said generating means. For this purpose, each coaxial shaft is rigidly secured to a coaxial drum made of electrically conductive material, on which electrically powered supply coals, connected by conducting wires (not shown here), rub with the generating means of a generator. Electric power. The screw 10 is thus traversed by the same intensity all along the geometric axis X. Preferably, the screw 10 is shaped so as to have an electrical resistance varying along its X axis and thus making it possible to offer simultaneously different zones of heating along its axis X. In particular, the screw 10 is thus shaped so as to have a temperature profile such that the inlet temperature 4 of the chamber 1 is greater than the outlet temperature 6, 11 of the enclosure 1. This makes it possible to limit the bonding of the solids divided in plastic material to the turn of the screw 10 at their entry into the enclosure 1 because of the melting of said divided solids under the action of the heating element. of the screw 10.
    [0007] According to a particular aspect of the invention, the heating means comprise means for regulating the intensity of the electric current flowing through the screw 10. The regulating means here comprise a dimmer interposed between the means for generating the electric current and the connecting means. The regulating means thus make it possible to adapt the electrical intensity passing through the screw 10 to the product conveyed. The chamber 1, the conveying means and the supply means thus form here a pyrolysis reactor 35 for the product introduced into the chamber 1.
    [0008] On the other hand, the chamber 1 also has a high outlet 11 for extracting the gases resulting from the pyrolysis of the product, said high outlet 11 being arranged here in the cover of the enclosure 1 5 substantially at the level of the second of the two ends of the enclosure 1. The high output 11 is here slightly upstream of the low output of the chamber 1 relative to the input 4 of the enclosure. The device further comprises a unit 12 for removing impurities present in the gas from the pyrolysis of the product. Said unit 12 is connected to the upper outlet 11 so that the gas is continuously withdrawn from the enclosure 1 (unlike the inlet 4 and the low outlet 6 which are shaped so that the supply of product and the evacuation of residues may be discontinuous). According to a particular aspect of the invention, the impurity removal unit 12 comprises gas cracking condensation means which are here directly connected to the upper outlet 11 of the enclosure 1. These cracking means are allowing the tars and oily phases present in the gas to crack so as to recover cleaner gas at the outlet of the cracking means. The cracking means comprise, for example, a cracking furnace 13 comprising a vertical tubular frame 14 which comprises an inlet 15 for the introduction of the gas and an outlet 16 for evacuation of said gas outside the frame 14, means for heating said gases which comprise a heating tube 17 extending vertically inside the frame and coaxially with the frame, the heating tube 17 being shaped so as to have its lower end closed, and being arranged so that its lower end is arranged in the frame 14 and so that its upper end is connected to a burner 18 of the heating means which is arranged outside the frame 14. Thus, the particular arrangement of the frame 14 and the heating tube 14 17 allows to create a treatment zone in which the gas is well confined. This makes it possible to promote heat exchange within the frame 14 between the gas to be treated and the heating tube 17: the cracking of the tars and oil phases is therefore efficient and fast so that the gas recovered at the outlet of the oven cracking 13 has good purity. The cracking furnace 13 is here arranged so that the gas is heated to about 1100 degrees Celsius to further improve cracking. The disposal unit 12 furthermore also comprises filtering means 19 which are, for example, directly connected to the outlet of the cracking furnace 13 in order to remove dust and solid particles still present in the gas. The filtering means 19 typically comprise a high temperature cyclone and / or a high temperature filter (such as a ceramic filter) arranged across the pipe connected to the outlet of the cracking furnace 13. The cyclone and / or the filter 25 is thus resistant to high temperatures typically between 600 and 1000 degrees Celsius. Preferably, the disposal unit 12 also comprises heat exchanger type cooling means 20 directly connected to the filtering means 19. This allows the gas which has been heated during the cracking step to be cooled before the gas is purified. The inlet gas of the cooling means is at a temperature for example between 600 and 800 degrees Celsius. The gas is cooled, for example, to about 40 degrees.
    [0009] Furthermore, the device comprises a purification system 21 for the gas leaving the elimination unit 12. The purification system 21 is here directly connected to the outlet of the cooling means 20. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the purification system 21 comprises three stages of purification of the gas. Preferably, the first stage comprises means for condensing the condensable phases of the gas at a pressure lower than atmospheric pressure taken at sea level (which is substantially 1 bar). Typically the condensing means are shaped so as to ensure the separation of the gas and condensable phases at a pressure of between 0.04 and 0.3 bar and preferably at a pressure of 0.14 bar. For this purpose, the condensing means comprise a compressor 22 compressing the gas at the pressure in question, here 0.14 bar, compressor also connected to the output of the cooling means 20. The condensing means further comprise a condenser 23 which is itself directly connected to the output of the compressor 22 and which will allow to separate the gas condensable phases at 0.14 bar. In practice, most of these condensable phases are water. This increases the methane content of the gas at the outlet of the first stage. In particular, the second stage comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 24 which is directly connected to the outlet of the first stage. Such an apparatus is well known in the prior art and will not be detailed further here. This will make it possible to substantially completely remove not only the carbon dioxide but also the dinitrogen still present in the gas, thus making it possible to further increase the methane content of the gas leaving the second stage. Preferably, the first stage and the second stage are interconnected. For this purpose, the first stage 5 comprises a mixer 25 arranged upstream of the compressor 22 and directly connected on the one hand to the output of the cooling means 20 and on the other hand to the compressor 22. The inversion adsorption apparatus pressure 24 is also connected to the mixer 25.
    [0010] The mixer 25 thus makes it possible to mix the gas leaving the elimination unit 12 with a part of the gas being purified by the second stage to promote said purification and thus to transmit to the third stage a purer methane gas.
    [0011] In particular, the third stage comprises a filtration machine 26 which is here of machine type by membrane separation. Such a machine 26 is well known in the prior art and will not be detailed further here.
    [0012] Said machine 26 is here directly connected to the output of the second stage. This will make it possible to remove almost all the hydrogen still present in the gas, thus making it possible to further increase the methane content of the gas leaving the third stage (denoted G) and thus at the outlet of the purification system. An implementation of the device will now be described. Firstly, the product to be treated is introduced into the inlet stack 5 in the form of divided solids and the screw 10 continuously pushes the divided solids towards the bottom outlet 6 of the enclosure 1. At the temperature of the screw 10, the divided solids gradually soften to melt which will generate gas already loaded with methane.
    [0013] The screw 10 thus ensures both a thermal treatment of the product and the conveying of the product. Preferably, the heat treatment of the product is carried out at high temperature in the chamber 1, typically between 500 and 1000 degrees Celsius and preferably between 600 and 800 degrees Celsius. Preferably, the device is shaped so that the product remains between 10 and 30 minutes in the chamber and even more preferably between 15 and 20 minutes. This therefore makes it possible to pyrolyze the product effectively and thus to recover at the top outlet 11 of the chamber 1 a gas already heavily loaded with methane. Typically the gas at the outlet of the chamber 1 has a methane content of greater than 60%. The carbonaceous residues of the product are then evacuated at the low outlet 6. Furthermore, the gas extracted at the top outlet 11 of the chamber 1 passes through the impurity removal unit 12 which will make it possible to remove the tars successively. oils then dust and particles. In this way, a cleaner gas is recovered at the outlet of the said elimination unit 12. The gas then passes through the purification system 21, which will in turn successively remove water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and dihydrogen. Thus, at the outlet of the device, a purer G gas is recovered with respect to the methane level. The gas G at the outlet of the purification system, and therefore of the device, is thus found to have a very high methane content. Typically the gas G at the outlet of the device has a methane content of greater than 90%. Naturally, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and variations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In particular, although here the product supplying the device is plastic comprising predominantly polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate, the device may use another type of product for the production of methane. The product may thus be, for example, a biomass or a polymeric solid, such as a waste of plastic, rubber or elastomer or a solid comprising cardboard, a metallic material such as aluminum. or a solid recovery fuel. Biomass refers to the biodegradable fractions of products, wastes and residues from industry in general and agriculture, 15 forestry and related industries in particular. The product may comprise a single type of solid (polymeric, plastic, CSR, biomass or several types of solid) The divided solids may be in the form of three-dimensional granules or two-dimensional sheets. the divided solids may be in the form of powder, granules, pieces, fibers Moreover, the enclosure and the conveying means and heating Joule effect associated may be different from what has been indicated. , the sealed connection means of the feed inlet and / or the low outlet may comprise other elements than an airlock such as for example a sluice valve or a metering device. Joule effect heating associated can thus be shaped to allow heating by palliating the product, the screw having for example an electrical resistance varying along its axis and 303 7062 16 thus making it possible to simultaneously offer different heating zones along its axis. Similarly, the impurity removal unit may include other means than those indicated. In particular, in place of cracking means, said unit may comprise means for condensing polluting condensates of the gas such as tars and oils for example with the aid of an absorber-neutralizer. Said unit can then be freed from the cooling means. Similarly, the purification system may be different from what has been indicated. For example, said system may comprise a different number of purification stages than what has been described.
    [0014] The device may be shaped so that the enclosure is filled with an inert gas to limit or eliminate the presence of oxygen in the enclosure.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Device for producing a methane gas (G) by heat treatment of a product in the form of divided solids, the device comprising: - a product supply enclosure (1), comprising an inlet (4) and a low outlet ( 6) recoveries of the residues of the treated product and a high output (11) for extracting the gas resulting from the treatment of the product, means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the bottom outlet of the enclosure which comprise a screw (10) mounted for rotation in the enclosure along a geometrical axis of rotation (X) and which comprise means for driving the screw in rotation, - Joule heating means for the screw, an elimination unit (12) for impurities present in the gas resulting from the heat treatment of the product, said unit being connected to the upper outlet of the enclosure, and - a purification system (21) for the gas leaving the elimination unit, the purification system being connected to the disposal unit.
    [0002]
    2. Device according to claim 1, comprising an inlet chimney (5) which is connected to the inlet (4) of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means (2) at the entrance of the enclosure so as to limit the air entering the enclosure.
    [0003]
    3. Device according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising an outlet chimney (7) which is connected to the low output of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means (8) at the low output (6) of the enclosure so as to limit the air 3037062 18 entering the enclosure.
    [0004]
    4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the removal unit (12) of impurities comprises gas cracking means (13). 5
    [0005]
    5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the removal unit (12) of impurities comprises means for condensing condensates polluting the gas.
    [0006]
    6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the impurity elimination unit (12) comprises filtering means (19) of dust and solid particles present in the gas.
    [0007]
    7. Device according to claims 4 to 6, wherein the filtering means (19) are connected to the outlet of the cracking means or the outlet of the condensing means.
    [0008]
    8. Device according to one of claims 6 or 7, wherein the filter means (19) comprise a high temperature cyclone or a high temperature ceramic filter.
    [0009]
    9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, the purification system comprises at least two distinct purification stages. 25
    [0010]
    10. Device according to the preceding claim, wherein the purification system comprises three purification stages.
    [0011]
    11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the purification system (21) 30 comprises condensing means (23) of the condensable phases of the gas at a pressure below atmospheric pressure taken at sea level.
    [0012]
    12. Device according to claim 11, wherein the condensation means (23) are shaped so as to ensure the separation of the gas and the condensable phases at a pressure between 0.04 and 0.3 bar.
    [0013]
    13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the purification system (21) 5 comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus (24).
    [0014]
    14. Device according to one of claims 11 to 12 and according to claim 13, wherein the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus (24) is connected to the outlet of the condensation means (23).
    [0015]
    15. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the purification system (21) comprises a filtration machine (26).
    [0016]
    16. Apparatus according to the preceding claim, wherein the filtration machine (26) is a machine by membrane separation.
    [0017]
    17. Device according to one of claims 13 to 14 and according to one of claims 15 to 16, wherein the filtering machine (26) is connected to the output of the thrust reversal absorption apparatus ( 24).
    [0018]
    18. Application of the device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the product supplying the enclosure (1) is CSR material type or polymeric material.
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    法律状态:
    2016-09-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-12-09| EXTE| Extension to a french territory|Extension state: PF |
    2016-12-16| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20161216 |
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    2017-12-01| TP| Transmission of property|Owner name: E.T.I.A. - EVALUATION TECHNOLOGIQUE, INGENIERI, FR Effective date: 20171031 |
    2018-09-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1555148A|FR3037130B1|2015-06-05|2015-06-05|CRACKING OVEN|
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    US15/572,427| US10670264B2|2015-06-05|2016-05-31|Cracking furnace|
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    US15/572,714| US20180134963A1|2015-06-05|2016-05-31|Device for producing methane gas and use of such a device|
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